Spock框架是基于Groovy语言的测试框架,Groovy与Java具备良好的互操作性,因此可以在Spring Boot项目中使用该框架写优雅、高效以及DSL化的测试用例。Spock通过@RunWith注解与JUnit框架协同使用,另外,Spock也可以和Mockito(Spring Boot应用的测试——Mockito)协同使用。
在这个小节中我们会利用Spock、Mockito一起编写一些测试用例(包括对Controller的测试和对Repository的测试),感受下Spock的使用。
How Do
- 根据Building an Application with Spring Boot这篇文章的描述,spring-boot-maven-plugin这个插件同时也支持在Spring Boot框架中使用Groovy语言。
- 在pom文件中添加Spock框架的依赖
<!-- test -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.spockframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spock-core</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope></dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.spockframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spock-spring</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
- 在src/test目录下创建groovy文件夹,在groovy文件夹下创建com/test/bookpub包。
- 在com/test/bookpub目录下创建SpockBookRepositorySpecification.groovy文件,内容是:
@WebAppConfiguration
@ContextConfiguration(classes = [BookPubApplication.class,
TestMockBeansConfig.class],loader = SpringApplicationContextLoader.class)
class SpockBookRepositorySpecification extends Specification {
@Autowired
private ConfigurableApplicationContext context;
@Shared
boolean sharedSetupDone = false;
@Autowired
private DataSource ds;
@Autowired
private BookRepository bookRepository;
@Autowired
private PublisherRepository publisherRepository;
@Shared
private MockMvc mockMvc;
void setup() {
if (!sharedSetupDone) {
mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(context).build();
sharedSetupDone = true;
}
ResourceDatabasePopulator populator = new
ResourceDatabasePopulator(context.getResource("classpath:/packt-books.sql"));
DatabasePopulatorUtils.execute(populator, ds);
}
@Transactional
def "Test RESTful GET"() {
when:
def result = mockMvc.perform(get("/books/${isbn}"));
then:
result.andExpect(status().isOk())
result.andExpect(content().string(containsString("title")));
where:
isbn | title
"978-1-78398-478-7"|"Orchestrating Docker"
"978-1-78528-415-1"|"Spring Boot Recipes"
}
@Transactional
def "Insert another book"() {
setup:
def existingBook = bookRepository.findBookByIsbn("978-1-78528-415-1")
def newBook = new Book("978-1-12345-678-9", "Some Future Book",
existingBook.getAuthor(), existingBook.getPublisher())
expect:
bookRepository.count() == 3
when:
def savedBook = bookRepository.save(newBook)
then:
bookRepository.count() == 4
savedBook.id > -1
}
}
- 执行测试用例,测试通过
- 接下来试验下Spock如何与mock对象一起工作,之前的文章中我们已经在TestMockBeansConfig类中定义了PublisherRepository的Spring Bean,如下所示,由于@Primary的存在,使得在运行测试用例时Spring Boot优先使用Mockito框架模拟出的实例。
@Configuration
@UsedForTesting
public class TestMockBeansConfig {
@Bean
@Primary
public PublisherRepository createMockPublisherRepository() {
return Mockito.mock(PublisherRepository.class);
}
}
- 在BookController.java中添加getBooksByPublisher接口,代码如下所示:
@Autowired
public PublisherRepository publisherRepository;
@RequestMapping(value = "/publisher/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public List<Book> getBooksByPublisher(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
Publisher publisher = publisherRepository.findOne(id);
Assert.notNull(publisher);
return publisher.getBooks();
}
- 在SpockBookRepositorySpecification.groovy文件中添加对应的测试用例,
def "Test RESTful GET books by publisher"() {
setup:
Publisher publisher = new Publisher("Strange Books")
publisher.setId(999)
Book book = new Book("978-1-98765-432-1",
"Mytery Book",
new Author("Jhon", "Done"),
publisher)
publisher.setBooks([book])
Mockito.when(publisherRepository.count()).
thenReturn(1L);
Mockito.when(publisherRepository.findOne(1L)).
thenReturn(publisher)
when:
def result = mockMvc.perform(get("/books/publisher/1"))
then:
result.andExpect(status().isOk())
result.andExpect(content().string(containsString("Strange Books")))
cleanup:
Mockito.reset(publisherRepository)
}
- 运行测试用例,发现可以测试通过,在控制器将对象转换成JSON字符串装入HTTP响应体时,依赖Jackson库执行转换,可能会有循环依赖的问题——在模型关系中,一本书依赖一个出版社,一个出版社有包含多本书,在执行转换时,如果不进行特殊处理,就会循环解析。我们这里通过@JsonBackReference注解阻止循环依赖。
分析
可以看出,通过Spock框架可以写出优雅而强大的测试代码。