- ls：list(列出目录内容)
- cd：Change Directory（改变目录）
- su:switch user 切换用户
- rpm:redhat package manager 红帽子打包管理器
- pwd:print work directory 打印当前目录显示出当前工作目录的绝对路径
- ps: process status(进程状态，类似于 windows 的任务管理器)
- 常用参数：－auxf
ps -auxf 显示进程状态 -
df: disk free 其功能是显示磁盘可用空间数目信息及空间结点信息。换句话说，就是报告在任何安装的设备或目录中，还剩多少自由的空间。
- rpm：即 RedHat Package Management，是 RedHat 的发明之一
- rmdir：Remove Directory（删除目录）
- rm：Remove（删除目录或文件）
- cat: concatenate 连锁 cat file1 file2>>file3把文件1和文件2的内容联合起来放到 file3中
- insmod: install module,载入模块
- ln -s : link -soft 创建一个软链接，相当于创建一个快捷方式
- mkdir：Make Directory(创建目录
touch - man: Manual
- pwd：Print working directory
- su：Swith user
- cd：Change directory
- ls：List files
- ps：Process Status
- mkdir：Make directory
- rmdir：Remove directory
- mkfs: Make file system
- fsck：File system check
- cat: Concatenate
- uname: Unix name
- df: Disk free
- du: Disk usage
- lsmod: List modules
- mv: Move file
- rm: Remove file
- cp: Copy file
- ln: Link files
- fg: Foreground
- bg: Background
- chown: Change owner
- chgrp: Change group
- chmod: Change mode
- umount: Unmount
- dd: 本来应根据其功能描述“Convert an copy”命名为“cc”，但“cc”已经被用以代表“C Complier”，所以命名为“dd”
- tar：Tape archive
- ldd：List dynamic dependencies
- insmod：Install module
- rmmod：Remove module
- lsmod：List module
文件结尾的"rc"（如.bashrc、.xinitrc 等）：Resource configuration
Knnxxx / Snnxxx（位于 rcx.d 目录下）：K（Kill）；S(Service)；nn（执行顺序号）；xxx（服务标识） - .a（扩展名 a）：Archive，static library
- .so（扩展名 so）：Shared object，dynamically linked library
- .o（扩展名 o）：Object file，complied result of C/C++ source file
- RPM：Red hat package manager
- dpkg：Debian package manager
- apt：Advanced package tool（Debian 或基于 Debian 的发行版中提供）
- bin = BINaries
- /dev = DEVices
- /etc = ETCetera
- /lib = LIBrary
- /proc = PROCesses
- /sbin = Superuser BINaries
- /tmp = TeMPorary
- /usr = Unix Shared Resources
- /var = VARiable ?
- FIFO = First In, First Out
- GRUB = GRand Unified Bootloader
- IFS = Internal Field Seperators
- LILO = LInux LOader
- MySQL = My 是最初作者女儿的名字，SQL = Structured Query Language
- PHP = Personal Home Page Tools = PHP Hypertext Preprocessor
- PS = Prompt String
- Perl = "Pratical Extraction and Report Language" = "Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister"
Python 得名于电视剧 Monty Python's Flying Circus - Tcl = Tool Command Language
- Tk = ToolKit
- VT = Video Terminal
- YaST = Yet Another Setup Tool
- apache = "a patchy" server
- apt = Advanced Packaging Tool
- ar = archiver
- as = assembler
- awk = "Aho Weiberger and Kernighan" 三个作者的姓的第一个字母
- bash = Bourne Again SHell
- bc = Basic (Better) Calculator
- bg = BackGround
- biff = 作者 Heidi Stettner 在 U.C.Berkely 养的一条狗,喜欢对邮递员汪汪叫。
- cal = CALendar
- cat = CATenate
- cd = Change Directory
- chgrp = CHange GRouP
- chmod = CHange MODe
- chown = CHange OWNer
- chsh = CHange SHell
- cmp = compare
- cobra = Common Object Request Broker Architecture
- comm = common
- cp = CoPy
- cpio = CoPy In and Out
- cpp = C Pre Processor
- cron = Chronos 希腊文时间
- cups = Common Unix Printing System
- cvs = Current Version System
- daemon = Disk And Execution MONitor
- dc = Desk Calculator
- dd = Disk Dump
- df = Disk Free
- diff = DIFFerence
- dmesg = diagnostic message
- du = Disk Usage
- ed = editor
- egrep = Extended GREP
- elf = Extensible Linking Format
- elm = ELectronic Mail
- emacs = Editor MACroS
- eval = EVALuate
- ex = EXtended
- exec = EXECute
- fd = file descriptors
- fg = ForeGround
- fgrep = Fixed GREP
- fmt = format
- fsck = File System ChecK
- fstab = FileSystem TABle
- fvwm = F*** Virtual Window Manager
- gawk = GNU AWK
- gpg = GNU Privacy Guard
- groff = GNU troff
- hal = Hardware Abstraction Layer
- joe = Joe's Own Editor
- ksh = Korn SHell
- lame = Lame Ain't an MP3 Encoder
- lex = LEXical analyser
- lisp = LISt Processing = Lots of Irritating Superfluous Parentheses
- ln = LiNk
- lpr = Line PRint
- ls = list
- lsof = LiSt Open Files
- m4 = Macro processor Version 4
- man = MANual pages
- mawk = Mike Brennan's AWK
- mc = Midnight Commander
- mkfs = MaKe FileSystem
- mknod = MaKe NODe
- motd = Message of The Day
- mozilla = MOsaic GodZILLa
- mtab = Mount TABle
- mv = MoVe
- nano = Nano's ANOther editor
- nawk = New AWK
- nl = Number of Lines
- nm = names
- nohup = No HangUP
- nroff = New ROFF
- od = Octal Dump
- passwd = PASSWorD
- pg = pager
- pico = PIne's message COmposition editor
- pine = "Program for Internet News & Email" = "Pine is not Elm"
- ping = 拟声又 = Packet InterNet Grouper
- pirntcap = PRINTer CAPability
- popd = POP Directory
- pr = pre
- printf = PRINT Formatted
- ps = Processes Status
- pty = pseudo tty
- pushd = PUSH Directory
- pwd = Print Working Directory
- rc = runcom = run command, rc 还是 plan9的 shell
- rev = REVerse
- rm = ReMove
- rn = Read News
- roff = RunOFF
- rpm = RPM Package Manager = RedHat Package Manager
rsh, rlogin, rvim 中的 r = Remote - rxvt = ouR XVT
- seamoneky = 我
- sed = Stream EDitor
- seq = SEQuence
- shar = SHell ARchive
- slrn = S-Lang rn
- ssh = Secure SHell
- ssl = Secure Sockets Layer
- stty = Set TTY
- su = Substitute User
- svn = SubVersioN
- tar = Tape ARchive
- tcsh = TENEX C shell
- tee = T (T 形水管接口)
- telnet = TEminaL over Network
- termcap = terminal capability
- terminfo = terminal information
- tex = τ