http access module
该模块的代码位于src/http/modules/ngx_http_access_module.c
中。该模块的作用是提供对于特定 host 的客户端的访问控制。可以限定特定 host 的客户端对于服务端全部,或者某个 server,或者是某个 location 的访问。
该模块的实现非常简单,总共也就只有几个函数。
static ngx_int_t ngx_http_access_handler(ngx_http_request_t *r);
static ngx_int_t ngx_http_access_inet(ngx_http_request_t *r,
ngx_http_access_loc_conf_t *alcf, in_addr_t addr);
#if (NGX_HAVE_INET6)
static ngx_int_t ngx_http_access_inet6(ngx_http_request_t *r,
ngx_http_access_loc_conf_t *alcf, u_char *p);
#endif
static ngx_int_t ngx_http_access_found(ngx_http_request_t *r, ngx_uint_t deny);
static char *ngx_http_access_rule(ngx_conf_t *cf, ngx_command_t *cmd,
void *conf);
static void *ngx_http_access_create_loc_conf(ngx_conf_t *cf);
static char *ngx_http_access_merge_loc_conf(ngx_conf_t *cf,
void *parent, void *child);
static ngx_int_t ngx_http_access_init(ngx_conf_t *cf);
对于与配置相关的几个函数都不需要做解释了,需要提一下的是函数 ngx_http_access_init,该函数在实现上把本模块挂载到了 NGX_HTTP_ACCESS_PHASE 阶段的 handler 上,从而使自己的被调用时机发生在了 NGX_HTTP_CONTENT_PHASE 等阶段前。因为进行客户端地址的限制检查,根本不需要等到这么后面。
另外看一下这个模块的主处理函数 ngx_http_access_handler。这个函数的逻辑也非常简单,主要是根据客户端地址的类型,来分别选择 ipv4 类型的处理函数 ngx_http_access_inet 还是 ipv6 类型的处理函数 ngx_http_access_inet6。
而这个两个处理函数内部也非常简单,就是循环检查每个规则,检查是否有匹配的规则,如果有就返回匹配的结果,如果都没有匹配,就默认拒绝。
http static module
从某种程度上来说,此模块可以算的上是“最正宗的”,“最古老”的 content handler。因为本模块的作用就是读取磁盘上的静态文件,并把文件内容作为产生的输出。在Web技术发展的早期,只有静态页面,没有服务端脚本来动态生成 HTML 的时候。恐怕开发个 Web 服务器的时候,第一个要开发就是这样一个 content handler。
http static module 的代码位于src/http/modules/ngx_http_static_module.c
中,总共只有两百多行近三百行。可以说是非常短小。
我们首先来看一下该模块的模块上下文的定义。
ngx_http_module_t ngx_http_static_module_ctx = {
NULL, /* preconfiguration */
ngx_http_static_init, /* postconfiguration */
NULL, /* create main configuration */
NULL, /* init main configuration */
NULL, /* create server configuration */
NULL, /* merge server configuration */
NULL, /* create location configuration */
NULL /* merge location configuration */
};
是非常的简洁吧,连任何与配置相关的函数都没有。对了,因为该模块没有提供任何配置指令。大家想想也就知道了,这个模块做的事情实在是太简单了,也确实没什么好配置的。唯一需要调用的函数是一个 ngx_http_static_init 函数。好了,来看一下这个函数都干了写什么。
static ngx_int_t
ngx_http_static_init(ngx_conf_t *cf)
{
ngx_http_handler_pt *h;
ngx_http_core_main_conf_t *cmcf;
cmcf = ngx_http_conf_get_module_main_conf(cf, ngx_http_core_module);
h = ngx_array_push(&cmcf->phases[NGX_HTTP_CONTENT_PHASE].handlers);
if (h == NULL) {
return NGX_ERROR;
}
*h = ngx_http_static_handler;
return NGX_OK;
}
仅仅是挂载这个 handler 到 NGX_HTTP_CONTENT_PHASE 处理阶段。简单吧?
下面我们就看一下这个模块最核心的处理逻辑所在的 ngx_http_static_handler 函数。该函数大概占了这个模块代码量的百分之八九十。
static ngx_int_t
ngx_http_static_handler(ngx_http_request_t *r)
{
u_char *last, *location;
size_t root, len;
ngx_str_t path;
ngx_int_t rc;
ngx_uint_t level;
ngx_log_t *log;
ngx_buf_t *b;
ngx_chain_t out;
ngx_open_file_info_t of;
ngx_http_core_loc_conf_t *clcf;
if (!(r->method & (NGX_HTTP_GET|NGX_HTTP_HEAD|NGX_HTTP_POST))) {
return NGX_HTTP_NOT_ALLOWED;
}
if (r->uri.data[r->uri.len - 1] == '/') {
return NGX_DECLINED;
}
log = r->connection->log;
/*
* ngx_http_map_uri_to_path() allocates memory for terminating '\0'
* so we do not need to reserve memory for '/' for possible redirect
*/
last = ngx_http_map_uri_to_path(r, &path, &root, 0);
if (last == NULL) {
return NGX_HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR;
}
path.len = last - path.data;
ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_HTTP, log, 0,
"http filename: \"%s\"", path.data);
clcf = ngx_http_get_module_loc_conf(r, ngx_http_core_module);
ngx_memzero(&of, sizeof(ngx_open_file_info_t));
of.read_ahead = clcf->read_ahead;
of.directio = clcf->directio;
of.valid = clcf->open_file_cache_valid;
of.min_uses = clcf->open_file_cache_min_uses;
of.errors = clcf->open_file_cache_errors;
of.events = clcf->open_file_cache_events;
if (ngx_http_set_disable_symlinks(r, clcf, &path, &of) != NGX_OK) {
return NGX_HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR;
}
if (ngx_open_cached_file(clcf->open_file_cache, &path, &of, r->pool)
!= NGX_OK)
{
switch (of.err) {
case 0:
return NGX_HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR;
case NGX_ENOENT:
case NGX_ENOTDIR:
case NGX_ENAMETOOLONG:
level = NGX_LOG_ERR;
rc = NGX_HTTP_NOT_FOUND;
break;
case NGX_EACCES:
#if (NGX_HAVE_OPENAT)
case NGX_EMLINK:
case NGX_ELOOP:
#endif
level = NGX_LOG_ERR;
rc = NGX_HTTP_FORBIDDEN;
break;
default:
level = NGX_LOG_CRIT;
rc = NGX_HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR;
break;
}
if (rc != NGX_HTTP_NOT_FOUND || clcf->log_not_found) {
ngx_log_error(level, log, of.err,
"%s \"%s\" failed", of.failed, path.data);
}
return rc;
}
r->root_tested = !r->error_page;
ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_HTTP, log, 0, "http static fd: %d", of.fd);
if (of.is_dir) {
ngx_log_debug0(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_HTTP, log, 0, "http dir");
ngx_http_clear_location(r);
r->headers_out.location = ngx_palloc(r->pool, sizeof(ngx_table_elt_t));
if (r->headers_out.location == NULL) {
return NGX_HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR;
}
len = r->uri.len + 1;
if (!clcf->alias && clcf->root_lengths == NULL && r->args.len == 0) {
location = path.data + clcf->root.len;
*last = '/';
} else {
if (r->args.len) {
len += r->args.len + 1;
}
location = ngx_pnalloc(r->pool, len);
if (location == NULL) {
return NGX_HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR;
}
last = ngx_copy(location, r->uri.data, r->uri.len);
*last = '/';
if (r->args.len) {
*++last = '?';
ngx_memcpy(++last, r->args.data, r->args.len);
}
}
/*
* we do not need to set the r->headers_out.location->hash and
* r->headers_out.location->key fields
*/
r->headers_out.location->value.len = len;
r->headers_out.location->value.data = location;
return NGX_HTTP_MOVED_PERMANENTLY;
}
#if !(NGX_WIN32) /* the not regular files are probably Unix specific */
if (!of.is_file) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_CRIT, log, 0,
"\"%s\" is not a regular file", path.data);
return NGX_HTTP_NOT_FOUND;
}
#endif
if (r->method & NGX_HTTP_POST) {
return NGX_HTTP_NOT_ALLOWED;
}
rc = ngx_http_discard_request_body(r);
if (rc != NGX_OK) {
return rc;
}
log->action = "sending response to client";
r->headers_out.status = NGX_HTTP_OK;
r->headers_out.content_length_n = of.size;
r->headers_out.last_modified_time = of.mtime;
if (ngx_http_set_content_type(r) != NGX_OK) {
return NGX_HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR;
}
if (r != r->main && of.size == 0) {
return ngx_http_send_header(r);
}
r->allow_ranges = 1;
/* we need to allocate all before the header would be sent */
b = ngx_pcalloc(r->pool, sizeof(ngx_buf_t));
if (b == NULL) {
return NGX_HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR;
}
b->file = ngx_pcalloc(r->pool, sizeof(ngx_file_t));
if (b->file == NULL) {
return NGX_HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR;
}
rc = ngx_http_send_header(r);
if (rc == NGX_ERROR || rc > NGX_OK || r->header_only) {
return rc;
}
b->file_pos = 0;
b->file_last = of.size;
b->in_file = b->file_last ? 1: 0;
b->last_buf = (r == r->main) ? 1: 0;
b->last_in_chain = 1;
b->file->fd = of.fd;
b->file->name = path;
b->file->log = log;
b->file->directio = of.is_directio;
out.buf = b;
out.next = NULL;
return ngx_http_output_filter(r, &out);
}
首先是检查客户端的 http 请求类型(r->method),如果请求类型为NGX_HTTP_GET|NGX_HTTP_HEAD|NGX_HTTP_POST
,则继续进行处理,否则一律返回 NGX_HTTP_NOT_ALLOWED 从而拒绝客户端的发起的请求。